HBase（五）HBase的API操作
一、项目环境搭建
新建 Maven Project，新建项目后在 pom.xml 中添加依赖：
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId> <version>1.2.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId> <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId> <version>1.2.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jdk.tools</groupId> <artifactId>jdk.tools</artifactId> <version>1.8</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar</systemPath> </dependency>
二、HBase API操作表和数据
注意，这部分的学习内容，我们先学习使用老版本的 API，接着再写出新版本的 API 调用方式。因为在企业中，有些时候我们需要一些过时的 API 来提供更好的兼容性。
1、获取Configuration对象
public static Configuration conf;
static{ //使用 HBaseConfiguration 的单例方法实例化 conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "node21,node22,node23"); conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181"); }
2) 判断表是否存在：
public static boolean isTableExist(String tableName) throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{
//在HBase中管理、访问表需要先创建 HBaseAdmin 对象
//Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
//HBaseAdmin admin = (HBaseAdmin) connection.getAdmin();
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
return admin.tableExists(tableName);
}
3) 创建表
public static void createTable(String tableName, String... columnFamily) throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
//判断表是否存在
if(isTableExist(tableName)){
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "已存在");
//System.exit(0);
}else{
//创建表属性对象,表名需要转字节
HTableDescriptor descriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
//创建多个列族
for(String cf : columnFamily){
descriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(cf));
}
//根据对表的配置，创建表
admin.createTable(descriptor);
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "创建成功！");
}
}
4) 删除表
public static void dropTable(String tableName) throws MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{
HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
if(isTableExist(tableName)){
admin.disableTable(tableName);
admin.deleteTable(tableName);
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "删除成功！");
}else{
System.out.println("表" + tableName + "不存在！");
}
}
5) 向表中插入数据
public static void addRowData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String column, String value) throws IOException{
//创建 HTable 对象
HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
//向表中插入数据
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
//向 Put 对象中组装数据
put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily),
Bytes.toBytes(column),
Bytes.toBytes(value));
hTable.put(put);
hTable.close();
System.out.println("插入数据成功");
}
6) 删除多行数据
public static void deleteMultiRow(String tableName, String... rows) throws IOException{
HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
List<Delete> deleteList = new ArrayList<Delete>();
for(String row : rows){
Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row));
deleteList.add(delete);
}
hTable.delete(deleteList);
hTable.close();
}
7) 得到所有数据
public static void getAllRows(String tableName) throws IOException{
HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);
//得到用于扫描 region 的对象
Scan scan = new Scan();
//使用 HTable 得到 resultcanner 实现类的对象
ResultScanner resultScanner = hTable.getScanner(scan);
for(Result result : resultScanner){
Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
for(Cell cell : cells){
//得到 rowkey
System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)));
//得到列族
System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
}
}
}
8) 得到某一行所有数据
public static void getRow(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException{
HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
//get.setMaxVersions();显示所有版本
//get.setTimeStamp();显示指定时间戳的版本
Result result = table.get(get);
for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){
System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
System.out.println("时间戳:" + cell.getTimestamp());
}
}
9) 获取某一行指定“列族:列”的数据
public static void getRowQualifier(String tableName, String rowKey, String family, String qualifier) throws IOException{
HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));
Result result = table.get(get);
for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){
System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));
System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));
System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));
System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));
}
}
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Date; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table; import com.study.hbase.service.HBaseUtils; public class HBaseUtilsImpl implements HBaseUtils { private static final String ZK_CONNECT_KEY = "hbase.zookeeper.quorum"; private static final String ZK_CONNECT_VALUE = "node21:2181,node22:2181,node23:2181"; private static Connection conn = null; private static Admin admin = null; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { getConnection(); getAdmin(); HBaseUtilsImpl hbu = new HBaseUtilsImpl(); //hbu.getAllTables(); //hbu.descTable("people"); //String[] infos = {"info","family"}; //hbu.createTable("people", infos); //String[] add = {"cs1","cs2"}; //String[] remove = {"cf1","cf2"}; //HColumnDescriptor hc = new HColumnDescriptor("sixsixsix"); //hbu.modifyTable("stu",hc); //hbu.getAllTables(); hbu.putData("huoying", "rk001", "cs2", "name", "aobama",new Date().getTime()); hbu.getAllTables(); conn.close(); } // 获取连接 public static Connection getConnection() { // 创建一个可以用来管理hbase配置信息的conf对象 Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create(); // 设置当前的程序去寻找的hbase在哪里 conf.set(ZK_CONNECT_KEY, ZK_CONNECT_VALUE); try { conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return conn; } // 获取管理员对象 public static Admin getAdmin() { try { admin = conn.getAdmin(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return admin; } // 查询所有表 @Override public void getAllTables() throws Exception { //获取列簇的描述信息 HTableDescriptor[] listTables = admin.listTables(); for (HTableDescriptor listTable : listTables) { //转化为表名 String tbName = listTable.getNameAsString(); //获取列的描述信息 HColumnDescriptor[] columnFamilies = listTable.getColumnFamilies(); System.out.println("tableName:"+tbName); for(HColumnDescriptor columnFamilie : columnFamilies) { //获取列簇的名字 String columnFamilyName = columnFamilie.getNameAsString(); System.out.print("\t"+"columnFamilyName:"+columnFamilyName); } System.out.println(); } } // 创建表，传参，表名和列簇的名字 @Override public void createTable(String tableName, String[] family) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //判断表是否存在 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { System.out.println("table已经存在！"); }else { //表的列簇示例 HTableDescriptor htd = new HTableDescriptor(name); //向列簇中添加列的信息 for(String str : family) { HColumnDescriptor hcd = new HColumnDescriptor(str); htd.addFamily(hcd); } //创建表 admin.createTable(htd); //判断表是否创建成功 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { System.out.println("table创建成功"); }else { System.out.println("table创建失败"); } } } // 创建表，传参:封装好的多个列簇 @Override public void createTable(HTableDescriptor htds) throws Exception { //获得表的名字 String tbName = htds.getNameAsString(); admin.createTable(htds); } // 创建表，传参，表名和封装好的多个列簇 @Override public void createTable(String tableName, HTableDescriptor htds) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { System.out.println("table已经存在！"); }else { admin.createTable(htds); boolean flag = admin.tableExists(name); System.out.println(flag ? "创建成功" : "创建失败"); } } // 查看表的列簇属性 @Override public void descTable(String tableName) throws Exception { //转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //判断表是否存在 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { //获取表中列簇的描述信息 HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = admin.getTableDescriptor(name); //获取列簇中列的信息 HColumnDescriptor[] columnFamilies = tableDescriptor.getColumnFamilies(); for(HColumnDescriptor columnFamily : columnFamilies) { System.out.println(columnFamily); } }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } // 判断表存在不存在 @Override public boolean existTable(String tableName) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); return admin.tableExists(name); } // disable表 @Override public void disableTable(String tableName) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { if(admin.isTableEnabled(name)) { admin.disableTable(name); }else { System.out.println("table不是活动状态"); } }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } // drop表 @Override public void dropTable(String tableName) throws Exception { //转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //判断表是否存在 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { //判断表是否处于可用状态 boolean tableEnabled = admin.isTableEnabled(name); if(tableEnabled) { //使表变成不可用状态 admin.disableTable(name); } //删除表 admin.deleteTable(name); //判断表是否存在 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { System.out.println("删除失败"); }else { System.out.println("删除成功"); } }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } // 修改表(增加和删除) @Override public void modifyTable(String tableName) throws Exception { //转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //判断表是否存在 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { //判断表是否可用状态 boolean tableEnabled = admin.isTableEnabled(name); if(tableEnabled) { //使表变成不可用 admin.disableTable(name); } //根据表名得到表 HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = admin.getTableDescriptor(name); //创建列簇结构对象 HColumnDescriptor columnFamily1 = new HColumnDescriptor("cf1".getBytes()); HColumnDescriptor columnFamily2 = new HColumnDescriptor("cf2".getBytes()); tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnFamily1); tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnFamily2); //替换该表所有的列簇 admin.modifyTable(name, tableDescriptor); }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } // 修改表(增加和删除) @Override public void modifyTable(String tableName, String[] addColumn, String[] removeColumn) throws Exception { //转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //判断表是否存在 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { //判断表是否可用状态 boolean tableEnabled = admin.isTableEnabled(name); if(tableEnabled) { //使表变成不可用 admin.disableTable(name); } //根据表名得到表 HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = admin.getTableDescriptor(name); //创建列簇结构对象，添加列 for(String add : addColumn) { HColumnDescriptor addColumnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(add); tableDescriptor.addFamily(addColumnDescriptor); } //创建列簇结构对象，删除列 for(String remove : removeColumn) { HColumnDescriptor removeColumnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(remove); tableDescriptor.removeFamily(removeColumnDescriptor.getName()); } admin.modifyTable(name, tableDescriptor); }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } @Override public void modifyTable(String tableName, HColumnDescriptor hcds) throws Exception { //转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //根据表名得到表 HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = admin.getTableDescriptor(name); //获取表中所有的列簇信息 HColumnDescriptor[] columnFamilies = tableDescriptor.getColumnFamilies(); boolean flag = false; //判断参数中传入的列簇是否已经在表中存在 for(HColumnDescriptor columnFamily : columnFamilies) { if(columnFamily.equals(hcds)) { flag = true; } } //存在提示，不存在直接添加该列簇信息 if(flag) { System.out.println("该列簇已经存在"); }else { tableDescriptor.addFamily(hcds); admin.modifyTable(name, tableDescriptor); } } /**添加数据 *tableName: 表明 *rowKey: 行键 *familyName:列簇 *columnName:列名 *value: 值 */ @Override public void putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String columnName, String value) throws Exception { //转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); //添加数据之前先判断表是否存在，不存在的话先创建表 if(admin.tableExists(name)) { }else { //根据表明创建表结构 HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(name); //定义列簇的名字 HColumnDescriptor columnFamilyName = new HColumnDescriptor(familyName); tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnFamilyName); admin.createTable(tableDescriptor); } Table table = conn.getTable(name); Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes()); put.addColumn(familyName.getBytes(), columnName.getBytes(), value.getBytes()); table.put(put); } @Override public void putData(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String columnName, String value, long timestamp) throws Exception { // 转化为表名 TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); // 添加数据之前先判断表是否存在，不存在的话先创建表 if (admin.tableExists(name)) { } else { // 根据表明创建表结构 HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(name); // 定义列簇的名字 HColumnDescriptor columnFamilyName = new HColumnDescriptor(familyName); tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnFamilyName); admin.createTable(tableDescriptor); } Table table = conn.getTable(name); Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes()); //put.addColumn(familyName.getBytes(), columnName.getBytes(), value.getBytes()); put.addImmutable(familyName.getBytes(), columnName.getBytes(), timestamp, value.getBytes()); table.put(put); } // 根据rowkey查询数据 @Override public Result getResult(String tableName, String rowKey) throws Exception { Result result; TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); result = table.get(get); }else { result = null; } return result; } // 根据rowkey查询数据 @Override public Result getResult(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName) throws Exception { Result result; TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); get.addFamily(familyName.getBytes()); result = table.get(get); }else { result = null; } return result; } // 根据rowkey查询数据 @Override public Result getResult(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String columnName) throws Exception { Result result; TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); get.addColumn(familyName.getBytes(), columnName.getBytes()); result = table.get(get); }else { result = null; } return result; } // 查询指定version @Override public Result getResultByVersion(String tableName, String rowKey, String familyName, String columnName, int versions) throws Exception { Result result; TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); get.addColumn(familyName.getBytes(), columnName.getBytes()); get.setMaxVersions(versions); result = table.get(get); }else { result = null; } return result; } // scan全表数据 @Override public ResultScanner getResultScann(String tableName) throws Exception { ResultScanner result; TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Scan scan = new Scan(); result = table.getScanner(scan); }else { result = null; } return result; } // scan全表数据 @Override public ResultScanner getResultScann(String tableName, Scan scan) throws Exception { ResultScanner result; TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); result = table.getScanner(scan); }else { result = null; } return result; } // 删除数据（指定的列） @Override public void deleteColumn(String tableName, String rowKey) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Delete delete = new Delete(rowKey.getBytes()); table.delete(delete); }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } // 删除数据（指定的列） @Override public void deleteColumn(String tableName, String rowKey, String falilyName) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Delete delete = new Delete(rowKey.getBytes()); delete.addFamily(falilyName.getBytes()); table.delete(delete); }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } // 删除数据（指定的列） @Override public void deleteColumn(String tableName, String rowKey, String falilyName, String columnName) throws Exception { TableName name = TableName.valueOf(tableName); if(admin.tableExists(name)) { Table table = conn.getTable(name); Delete delete = new Delete(rowKey.getBytes()); delete.addColumn(falilyName.getBytes(), columnName.getBytes()); table.delete(delete); }else { System.out.println("table不存在"); } } }
